Skin pigmentation (Hyperpigmentation) occurs when melanin is overproduced in certain spots on the skin. Hyperpigmentation results in flat, darkened patches of skin that are light brown to black in colour, and can vary in size and shape.
Wearing a high SPF every day on exposed areas of your skin can help to prevent pigmentation caused by sun exposure. Hormonal induced pigmentation types such as Melasma however are difficult to prevent, as is hyperpigmentation from skin trauma and scarring.
There are many types of hyperpigmentation, but the following are the most common:
Pigment spots such as age spots are caused by sun exposure. For this reason, they appear mainly on body parts that are frequently exposed, such as the face, hands, and arms. They tend to be small, darkened patches of skin.
Melasma or chloasma is often referred to as “the mask of pregnancy”, as it affects 90% of pregnant women. It occurs as a result of hormonal influences such as pregnancy and birth control pills and causes dark and irregularly shaped areas on the face or arms that can be quite large. Freckles often appear on the face.
Freckles are caused by sun exposure and commonly appear on the face. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs when a skin injury or trauma heals and leaves a flat area of discoloration behind. It’s commonly found among acne sufferers, and can also be caused by cosmetic procedures such as dermabrasion, laser treatment, and chemical peels.
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